Geology

Climate change

Sea surface temperature

Aerospace engineering

Geodesy

Oceanography

Latitude

Engineering

Climate model

Satellite

Radiance

Buoy

Longitude

Climatology

Environmental science

Remote sensing

Scientific Data

A climate data record of global sea surface temperature (SST) spanning 1981–2016 has been developed from 4 × 10 12 satellite measurements of thermal infra-red radiance. The spatial area represented by pixel SST estimates is between 1 km 2 and 45 km 2 . The mean density of good-quality observations is 13 km −2 yr −1 . SST uncertainty is evaluated per datum, the median uncertainty for pixel SSTs being 0.18 K. Multi-annual observational stability relative to drifting buoy measurements is within 0.003 K yr −1 of zero with high confidence, despite maximal independence from in situ SSTs over the latter two decades of the record. Data are provided at native resolution, gridded at 0.05° latitude-longitude resolution (individual sensors), and aggregated and gap-filled on a daily 0.05° grid. Skin SSTs, depth-adjusted SSTs de-aliased with respect to the diurnal cycle, and SST anomalies are provided. Target applications of the dataset include: climate and ocean model evaluation; quantification of marine change and variability (including marine heatwaves); climate and ocean-atmosphere processes; and specific applications in ocean ecology, oceanography and geophysics.

Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications