Internal medicine

Immunotherapy

Open label

Biology

Cancer

Refractory (planetary science)

Oncology

Chemotherapy

Carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Nivolumab

Basal cell

Clinical trial

Medicine

Astrobiology

The Lancet Oncology

Nivolumab was associated with a significant improvement in overall survivaland a favourable safety profile compared with chemotherapy in previously treated patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and might represent a new standard second-line treatment option for these patients.

Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma refractory or intolerant to previous chemotherapy (ATTRACTION-3): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial