Regenerative medicine

Biotechnology

Alkaline phosphatase

Regeneration (biology)

Enzyme

Mesenchymal stem cell

Immunology

In vivo

Dental pulp stem cells

Periodontal ligament stem cells

Stem cell

Biochemistry

Medicine

Biology

Immune system

Cell biology

World Journal of Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as an attractive tool for tissue regeneration and possess a strong immunomodulatory ability.Dental tissuederived MSCs can be isolated from different sources, such as the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, deciduous teeth, apical papilla, dental follicles and gingiva.According to numerous in vitro studies, the effect of dental MSCs on immune cells might depend on several factors, such as the experimental setting, MSC tissue source and type of immune cell preparation.Most studies have shown that the immunomodulatory activity of dental MSCs is strongly upregulated by activated immune cells.MSCs exert mostly immunosuppressive effects, leading to the dampening of immune cell activation.Thus, the reciprocal interaction between dental MSCs and immune cells represents an elegant mechanism that potentially contributes to tissue homeostasis and inflammatory disease progression.Although the immunomodulatory potential of dental MSCs has been extensively investigated in vitro, its role in vivo remains obscure.A few studies have reported that the MSCs isolated from inflamed dental tissues have a compromised immunomodulatory ability.Moreover, the expression of some immunomodulatory proteins is enhanced in periodontal disease and even shows some correlation with disease severity.MSC-based immunomodulation may play an essential role in the regeneration of different dental tissues.Therefore, immunomodulation-based strategies may be a very promising tool in regenerative dentistry.

Immunomodulatory properties of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Implication in disease and tissue regeneration