A novel normalization for amide proton transfer CEST MRI to correct for fat signal–induced artifacts: application to human breast cancer imaging

Purpose The application of amide proton transfer (APT) CEST MRI for diagnosis of breast cancer is of emerging interest. However, APT imaging in the human breast is affected by the ubiquitous fat signal preventing a straightforward application of existing acquisition protocols. Although the spectral region of the APT signal does not coincide with fat resonances, the fat signal leads to an incorrect normalization of the Z ‐spectrum, and therefore...