Pro-chondrogenic and immunomodulatory melatonin-loaded electrospun membranes for tendon-to-bone healing

Reconstructing the native structure of the tendon-to-bone insertion site (enthesis) in rotator cuff repair has always been a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Difficulty arises mainly due to the limited enthesis regenerative capability and severe inflammatory cell infiltration, which result in fibrovascular scar formation instead of native cartilage-like enthesis. Therefore, tissue engineering scaffolds with pro-chondrogenic and...