Mechanisms of activation induced by antiphospholipid antibodies in multiple sclerosis: Potential biomarkers of disease?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system where demyelination leads to neurodegeneration and disability. The pathogenesis of MS is incompletely understood, with prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) speculated to contribute to MS pathogenesis. In fact, MS shares common clinical features with the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) such as venous thromboembolism. Consequently,...