Transition-Metal-Ion (Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Etc.) Doping of TiO₂ Nanotubes: A General Approach

Transition-metal (TM)-ion-doped TiO2 materials are of great importance for photocatalysis- and photoelectrochemical (PEC)-related applications. We introduced a facile, low-cost, and scalable doping method of TM ions (Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, etc.) into TiO2 nanotubes (NTs), while maintaining their high-ordered tubular structures (with ∼120 nm outside diameter). Both crystallization and doping processes were simultaneously accomplished in aqueous...