Nanotechnology-based biomaterials for orthopaedic applications: Recent advances and future prospects

Bioimplant engineering aims to mature biological alternatives to restore, retain, or modify damaged tissues and/or the functionality of organs. Remarkable advancements in modern material technology have helped the diversity of materials for orthopaedic implant application. As such, nanomaterials can simulate the surface properties of natural tissues, especially with respect to surface topography, surface chemistry, surface energy, and surface...