Development of an optimized avanafil-loaded invasomal transdermal film: Ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo evaluation

Avanafil (AVA) is a recent FDA approved selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor used for oral treatment of erectile dysfunction. The oral bioavailability of the drug is challenged by its reduced water solubility, considerable presystemic metabolism, and altered absorption in the presence of food. Accordingly, this work aimed to surmount the aforementioned challenges through the development of optimized nanosized AVA invasomes with enhanced...