Modeling of the impact of GDP and human population on CO2 emission by using Cobb-Douglas model and particle swarm optimization

High economic growth and population can cause a negative impact on the environment, one of which is the increase of CO2 emissions in the air. In the paper, modelling the impact of GDP and human population on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. In this paper the modelling is done by using Cobb-Douglas model, and for parameter estimation done with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The data used in this modeling is GDP growth and human population over the...