Psychology

Homosexuality

Minority stress

Sexual minority

Social psychology

Philosophy

Gender studies

Gender equality

Salience (neuroscience)

Public opinion

Pronoun

Transgender

Politics

Political science

Cognitive psychology

Lesbian

Prejudice (legal term)

Linguistics

Sociology

Sexual orientation

Gender identity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

To improve gender equality and tolerance toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities, several nations have promoted the use of gender-neutral pronouns and words. Do these linguistic devices actually reduce biases that favor men over women, gays, lesbians, and transgender individuals? The current article explores this question with 3 large-scale experiments in Sweden, which formally incorporated a gender-neutral pronoun into its language alongside established gendered pronouns equivalent to he and she The evidence shows that compared with masculine pronouns, use of gender-neutral pronouns decreases the mental salience of males. This shift is associated with individuals expressing less bias in favor of traditional gender roles and categories, as reflected in more favorable attitudes toward women and LGBT individuals in public life. Additional analyses reveal similar patterns for feminine pronouns. The influence of both pronouns is more automatic than controlled.

Language influences mass opinion toward gender and LGBT equality