Why using different Life Cycle Assessment software tools can generate different results for the same product system? A cause–effect analysis of the problem

There are different software tools to perform Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and results may be different according to which software the user chooses. This paper aims to present how different LCA results can be achieved due to using different LCA software tools for the same product system. The present study focuses on analyzing four LCA software tools: SimaPro, Gabi, Umberto® and openLCA, and a standard case study was designed for the LCA...