Tetrad

Spore

Embryo

Reproduction

Heat stress

Sterility

Biology

Gene

Gametogenesis

Embryogenesis

Cell biology

Animal science

Botany

Sexual reproduction

Meiosis

Andrology

Pollen

Genetics

Medicine

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Shifts in the duration and intensity of ambient temperature impair plant development and reproduction, particularly male gametogenesis. Stress exposure causes meiotic defects or premature spore abortion in male reproductive organs, leading to male sterility. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying stress and male sterility. To elucidate these mechanisms, we imposed a moderate transient heat stress on maize (

Male Sterility in Maize after Transient Heat Stress during the Tetrad Stage of Pollen Development