Exosomes Derived from Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Treated with Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inhibit the Proliferation of Bovine Macrophages

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in regulating immune cell proliferation. We speculate that high expression of TGF-β1 may affect the immunity of dairy cows. In this study, untreated exosomes (un-exo) derived from an untreated bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) and TGF-β1-treated exosomes (t-exo) derived from TGF-β1-treated MAC-T cells were isolated by ultracentrifugation and...