Routing protocol

Vehicular ad hoc network

Computer network

Wireless Routing Protocol

Wireless

Link-state routing protocol

Distributed computing

World Wide Web

Network topology

Optimized Link State Routing Protocol

Open research

Computer science

Routing (electronic design automation)

Wireless ad hoc network

Telecommunications

IEEE Access

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained popularity for diverse applications and services in both the military and civilian domains. For cooperation and collaboration among UAVs, they can be wirelessly interconnected in an ad hoc manner, resulting in a UAV network. UAV networks have unique features and characteristics that are different from mobile ad hoc networks and vehicular ad hoc networks. The dynamic behavior of rapid mobility and topology changes in UAV networks makes the design of a routing protocol quite challenging. In this paper, we review the routing protocols for UAV networks, in which the topology-based, position-based, hierarchical, deterministic, stochastic, and social-network-based routing protocols are extensively surveyed. The routing protocols are then compared qualitatively in terms of their major features, characteristics, and performance. Open issues and research challenges are also discussed in the perspective of design and implementation.

Routing Protocols for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks: A Survey