Optics

Physics

Modulation (music)

Velocity dispersion

Mathematical analysis

Nonlinear system

Kerr effect

Dispersion (optics)

Trigonometric functions

Group velocity

Acoustics

Geometry

Self-phase modulation

Trigonometry

Mathematics

Phase (matter)

Quantum mechanics

Nonlinear optics

Soliton

Hyperbolic function

Galaxy

Optik

In this work, the Biswas–Arshed model with Kerr law nonlinearity in the absence of self-phase modulation (SPM) and where group velocity dispersion (GVD) is insignificantly small, is studied for optical solitons using the sustained effort of several forms of mapping methods. Both spatio-temporal dispersion of third and second order are comprised to balance this model for low group velocity dispersion. When the modulus m of the Jacobi elliptic functions approaches 0 and 1, the solutions are derived in terms of trigonometric functions and hyperbolic functions respectively. From this scheme singular, dark and bright soliton solutions appear.

Optical solitons with Biswas–Arshed model using mapping method