Permeability measurements during triaxial and direct shear loading using a novel X-ray transparent apparatus: Fractured shale examples from Beetaloo basin, Australia

Coupled multiphysics constitutive models are generally developed based on macro-(core) scale measurements often without an in-depth knowledge of involved micro-scale phenomena. Recent addition of micro-scale imaging capabilities to triaxial and direct shear systems has enabled the characterisation of micro-scale phenomena during failure process using techniques such as 3D X-ray computed tomography. These X-ray transparent deformation-flow cells,...