Memory controller

Operating system

Cache

Instruction prefetch

Overlay

Embedded system

Parallel computing

Memory management

Memory bandwidth

Demand paging

CAS latency

Page fault

Computer science

Interleaved memory

Virtual memory

Semiconductor memory

Memory capacity in GPGPUs is a major challenge for data-intensive applications with their ever increasing memory requirement. To fit a workload into the limited GPU memory space, a programmer needs to manually divide the workload by tiling the working set and perform user-level data migration. To relieve the programmer from this burden, Unified Virtual Memory (UVM) was developed to support on-demand paging and migration, transparent to the user. It further takes care of the memory over-subscription issue by automatically performing page replacement in an oversubscribed GPU memory situation. However, we found that naïve handling of page faults can cause orders of magnitude slowdown in performance. Moreover, we observed that although prefetching of data from CPU to GPU can hide the page fault latency, the difference among various prefetching mechanisms can lead to drastically different performance results. To this end, we performed extensive experiments on GeForceGTX 1080ti GPUs with PCI-e 3.0 16x to discover that there exists an effective prefetch mechanism to enhance locality in GPU memory. However, as the GPU memory is filled to its capacity, such prefetching mechanism quickly proves to be counterproductive due to locality unaware eviction policy. This necessitates the design of new eviction policies that are aware of the hardware prefetcher semantics. We propose two new programmer-agnostic, locality-aware pre-eviction policies which leverage the mechanics of existing hardware prefetcher and thus incur no additional implementation and performance overhead. We demonstrate that combining the proposed tree-based pre-eviction policy with the hardware prefetcher provides an average of 93% and 18.5% performance speed-up compared to LRU based 4KB and 2MB page replacement strategies, respectively. We further examine the memory access pattern of GPU workloads under consideration to analyze the achieved performance speed-up.

Interplay between hardware prefetcher and page eviction policy in CPU-GPU unified virtual memory