PEGylated substance P augments therapeutic angiogenesis in diabetic critical limb ischemia

Substance P (SP) is a therapeutic peptide that has been widely used to induce angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often limited due to rapid degradation in vivo and a short half-life (˜1 min) after systemic administration. In the present study, we chemically modified SP with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to generate long-lasting formulations with increased stability and extended retention time in vivo and...