Three-dimensional gelatin/PVA scaffold with nanofibrillated collagen surface for applications in hard-tissue regeneration

The surface topography of a tissue-engineered scaffold is widely known to play an essential role in bone tissue engineering applications. Therefore, the cell-to-material interaction should be considered when developing scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Bone is a dynamic tissue with a distinct hierarchical structure composed of mostly collagen and bioceramics. In this study, the surface of gelatin/PVA scaffold (CF-G5P5) coated with...