Long-Term Cardiovascular Risks Associated With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs)-including pre-term birth, pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction-are common interrelated disorders caused by placental dysfunction and maternal vascular abnormalities (endothelial activation, inflammation, and vasospasm) that occur in approximately 10% to 20% of pregnancies. Women who experience APOs are at increased risk for future cardiovascular disease (CVD). APOs are associated with increased...