Operating system

Frequency deviation

Voltage

Automatic frequency control

Mathematics

Computer science

Linear programming

Automotive engineering

Engineering

Solver

Electricity

Algorithm

Smart grid

Scheduling (production processes)

Schedule

Grid

Geometry

Programming language

Operations management

Electrical engineering

Frequency grid

Demand response

IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

Frequency regulation is one of the most crucial ancillary services that strives to maintain the demand and supply in smart grid setup. The deviations in grid's frequency can be managed efficiently by adjusting the power generation and consumption of supply and demand sides, respectively. Traditionally, frequency support is provided using conventional generators but their usage leads to the emission of harmful gases, degraded heat rate, and associated wear and tear. However, electric vehicles (EVs) can play a significant role in managing demand and supply imbalances in the near future; with their penetration expected to reach 400 billion by 2020. Moreover, EVs have large charging and discharging capacities due to which they can provide instantaneous frequency support. Motivated by these factors, in this paper, a power management scheme has been presented to leverage the participation of EVs for secondary frequency regulation. The proposed scheme uses a 2-level hierarchical control mechanism to attain the follo...

Coordinated Power Control of Electric Vehicles for Grid Frequency Support: MILP-Based Hierarchical Control Design