Processes of students’ effort exertion, competence beliefs and motivation: Cyclic and dynamic effects of learning experiences within school days and school subjects

We pose a process perspective of learning experiences of effort exertion, competence beliefs, and motivation (autonomous and controlled motivation). Following a process-model of cyclic (“self-sustaining”, auto-regressive) and dynamic (“self-enhancing” and “self-diminishing”, cross-lagged) associations over time, we investigated the effects of lagged within-day and within-school-subject constructs, and associations with teacher-perceptions of...