Tailored graphene oxide-doxorubicin nanovehicles via near-infrared dye-lactobionic acid conjugates for chemo-photothermal therapy

Graphene oxide (GO), as a drug delivery carrier, has attracted considerable attention because of its interesting properties. However, GO tends to aggregate in aqueous solution. Amphiphilic molecules are usually necessary to stabilize GO. The introduction of these non-functional macromolecules on the one hand reduces drug loading, but on the other hand may cause unpredictable side effects. This study proposes a new strategy for stabilizing GO...