4D printed tunable mechanical metamaterials with shape memory operations

The aim of this paper is to introduce tunable continuous-stable metamaterials with reversible thermo-mechanical memory operations by four-dimensional (4D) printing technology. They are developed based on an understanding on glassy-rubbery behaviors of shape memory polymers and hot/cold programming derived from experiments and theory. Fused decomposition modeling as a well-known 3D printing technology is implemented to fabricate mechanical...