Internal medicine

Nursing

Health care

Economics

Intensive care medicine

Physical therapy

Medical prescription

Kidney disease

Quality of life (healthcare)

Managed care

Chronic pain

Pain management

Acute pain

Anesthesia

Economic growth

Medicine

Pharmacology

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Pain is common and poorly managed in patients with advanced CKD, likely due to both under and over prescription of appropriate analgesics. Poorly managed pain contributes to patients' poor quality of life and excessive health care use. There is tremendous variability within and between countries in prescribing patterns of analgesics, suggesting that factors other than patient characteristics account for these differences. This article discusses the pharmacologic management of acute and chronic pain in patients with advanced CKD, and the role analgesics, including opioids, play in the overall approach to pain management.

Clinical Pharmacology Considerations in Pain Management in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure