A case of recurrent hemoptysis caused by pulmonary actinomycosis diagnosed using transbronchial lung biopsy after bronchial artery embolism and a brief review of the literature

A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of massive hemoptysis with acute respiratory failure. Since six months ago, he noticed gradual worsening of hemoptysis and was transferred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography showed a nodular lesion with cavitation in the left upper lobe and surrounding ground-glass opacification. Initially, a hemostatic agent was administered, but we eventually performed bronchial artery embolization...