Radiology

Occlusion

Stent

Balloon catheter

Balloon

Surgery

Pseudoaneurysm

Embolization

Aneurysm

Internal carotid artery

Posterior communicating artery

Catheter

Medicine

Journal of neurosurgery

Internal carotid artery (ICA) injuries during endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) are catastrophic complications. Alongside the advancements in medical instrumentation and material, there is a need to modify previous treatment modalities and principles.

A modified endovascular treatment protocol for iatrogenic internal carotid artery injuries following endoscopic endonasal surgery