External and Internal Diameters of the Facial Artery Relevant to Intravascular Filler Injection

Background: Vision loss and skin necrosis caused by an accidental intraarterial embolism or vascular compression are rare but devastating complications when injecting filler materials into the face. Methods: The external and internal diameters and wall thicknesses of the facial artery and its branches were measured from 41 formalin-embalmed cadavers after removing connective tissues attached to the arterial wall. Results: The diameter and...