Loss of SMAD4 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Recruiting Tumor-Associated Neutrophils via the CXCL1/8–CXCR2 Axis

Purpose: SMAD4 is a key transcriptional factor of TGFβ signaling and acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. In the present study, we explored the immunologic effect of SMAD4 on the tumor microenvironment. Experimental Design: Using 99 clinical specimens and human colorectal cancer cell lines, we investigate the relationship between SMAD4 expression and neutrophil accumulation. We immunohistochemically analyzed expression of SMAD4,...