Biomedical engineering

Materials science

Slip (aerodynamics)

Robot

Physics

Human–computer interaction

Action (physics)

Computer science

Skin to skin

Quantum mechanics

Aerospace engineering

Nanotechnology

Mathematics

Electronic skin

Pathology

Breastfeeding

Point (geometry)

Computer vision

Medicine

Thermodynamics

Engineering

Artificial intelligence

Component (thermodynamics)

Artificial skin

Geometry

Proceedings of the IEEE

With robots starting to enter our lives in a number of ways (e.g., social, assistive, and surgery), the electronic skin (e-skin) is becoming increasingly important. The capability of detecting subtle pressure or temperature changes makes the e-skin an essential component of a robot's body or an artificial limb [1], [2]. This is because the tactile feedback enabled by e-skin plays a fundamental role in providing action-related information such as slip during manipulation/control tasks such as grasping, and estimation of contact parameters (e.g., force, soft contact, hardness, texture, and temperature during exploration [3]). It is critical for the safe robotic interaction - albeit as a coworker in the futuristic industry 4.0 setting or to assist the elderly at home.

E-Skin: From Humanoids to Humans [Point of View]