Urinary biomarkers for assessment of human exposure to monomeric aryl phosphate flame retardants

While monomeric aryl organophosphate flame retardants (m-aryl-OPFRs) are used worldwide in a variety of consumer products, specific biomarkers for epidemiologic studies are lacking. To explore the potential of urinary hydroxylated metabolites of m-aryl-OPFRs as the biomarkers, we detected triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCrP) in 259 whole blood samples and their 5 hydroxylated and 2...