The endothelial glycocalyx: Barrier functions versus red cell hemodynamics: A model of steady state ultrafiltration through a bi-layer formed by a porous outer layer and more selective membrane-associated inner layer

BACKGROUND:Ultrastructural investigations of the endothelial glycocalyx reveal a layer adjacent to the cell surface with a structure consistent with the primary ultrafilter of vascular walls. Theory predicts this layer can be no greater than 200–300 nm thick, a result to be reconciled with observ ations that red cells and large macromolecules are excluded from a region 1 micrometer or more from the cell membrane. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether...