Quantum mechanics

Control (management)

Voltage

Engineering

Integral nonlinearity

Statistics

Digital-to-analog converter

Differential nonlinearity

Computer science

Physics

Mathematics

Noise shaping

Spurious-free dynamic range

Optics

Exponential function

Electronic engineering

Mathematical analysis

Artificial intelligence

Topology (electrical circuits)

Control theory (sociology)

Converters

CMOS

Delta-sigma modulation

Dynamic range

Least significant bit

Electrical engineering

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

This paper presents an incremental analog-todigital converter (IADC) with a two-phase linear-exponential accumulation loop. In the linear phase, the loop works as a first-order structure. The noise-coupling (NC) path is then enabled in the exponential phase thus boosting the signalto-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) exponentially with a few number of clock cycles. The two-phase scheme combines the advantages of the thermal noise suppression in the first-order IADC and SQNR boosting in the exponential mode. The uniformexponential weight function allows the data weighted averaging (DWA) technique to work well, leading to the rotation of the multi-bit DAC mismatch error. Meanwhile, this scheme does not destroy the notches, which can be utilized to suppress the line noise. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS under 1.2V supply, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) achieves an signal-to-noise + distortion ratio (SNDR)/dynamic range (DR) of 100.8 dB/101.8 dB with 20-kHz bandwidth (BW), 550 μW, and 0.134 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , resulting in Walden/Schreier FoMW/FoMS of 153 fJ/176.4 dB, respectively. The differential and integral nonlinearities are +0.27 LSB/-0.27 LSB and +0.84 LSB/-0.81 LSB, respectively.

A 550-$\mu$ W 20-kHz BW 100.8-dB SNDR Linear- Exponential Multi-Bit Incremental $\Sigma\Delta$ ADC With 256 Clock Cycles in 65-nm CMOS