Two-stage wrinkling of Al films deposited on polymer substrates

This study reveals two-stage wrinkling behavior of Al films deposited on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by magnetron sputtering at a high temperature. The hierarchical structures with nano-micro dual scale wrinkles were created in Al films. The micro-scale wrinkles originated from thermal contraction, with the wavelength increasing with increasing film thickness, while nano-scale wrinkles, with an almost unchanged wavelength, are induced...