Internal medicine

Meta-analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea

Asthma

Montelukast

Anesthesia

Medicine

Otolaryngology

Objective To systematically review the literature on anti‐inflammatory medications for treating pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and perform meta‐analysis of the available data. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE and 4 additional databases. Review Methods Three authors independently and systematically searched through June 28, 2018, for studies that assessed anti‐inflammatory therapy for treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Data were compiled and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (Nordic Cochrane Centre). Results After screening 135 studies, 32 were selected for review with 6 meeting inclusion criteria. In total, 668 patients aged 2 to 5 years met inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis. Of these, 5 studies (166 children) that evaluated montelukast alone as treatment for pediatric OSA found a 55% improvement in the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) (mean [SD] 6.2 [3.1] events/h pretreatment and 2.8 [2.7] events/h posttreatment; mean difference [MD] of −2.7 events/h; 95% confidence interval [CI], –5.6 to 0.3) with improvement in lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) from 89.5 (6.9) to 92.1 (3.6) (MD, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.5‐4.0). Two studies (502 children) observing the effects of montelukast with intranasal corticosteroids on pediatric OSA found a 70% improvement in AHI (4.7 [2.1] events/h pretreatment and 1.4 [1.0] events/h posttreatment; MD of −4.2 events/h; 95% CI, –6.3 to −2.0), with an improvement in LSAT from 87.8 (3.1) to 92.6 (2.2) (MD, 4.8; 95% CI, 4.5‐5.1). Conclusions Treatment with montelukast and intranasal steroids or montelukast alone is potentially beneficial for short‐term management of mild pediatric OSA.

Montelukast and Nasal Corticosteroids to Treat Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis