Enhancement of cancer invasion and growth via the C5a‑C5a receptor system: Implications for cancer promotion by autoimmune diseases and association with cervical cancer invasion

Autoimmune diseases are caused by immune complex‑induced activation of the complement system and subsequent inflammation. Recent studies have revealed an association between autoimmune diseases and worse survival in patients with cancer; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. The C5a‑C5a receptor (C5aR) system has been shown to enhance cancer activity and recruit myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that suppress the anti‑tumor...