Simultaneous analysis of acetylcarnitine, proline, hydroxyproline, citrulline, and arginine as potential plasma biomarkers to evaluate NSAIDs-induced gastric injury by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Although major adverse effects associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are gastric injury, assessment of NSAIDs-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects is mostly dependent on endoscopy due to the lack of plasma biomarkers. Several amino acids associated with collagenase activity and gastric mucosal mass have been suggested as plasma biomarker candidates for gastric injury. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a liquid...