Context (archaeology)

Economics

Biology and political orientation

Reactionary

European Social Survey

Positive economics

Public opinion

Biology

Politics

Political science

Democracy

Gerontology

Political economy

Sociology

Disengagement theory

Paleontology

Medicine

Political Psychology

The concurrent strong waves of anti‐EU integration and anti‐immigration preferences sweeping across Europe, capitalized on by populist discourses, reflect citizens’ economic anxieties brought about by the financial crisis, dormant cultural fears, widespread suspicion towards international institutions, and frustration with “politics as usual.” Extant electoral and public opinion research provide fragmented and conflicted accounts about the psychological origins of these anti preferences. In this article, (1) we articulate a novel overarching theoretical framework that focuses on reaction as a political orientation, and (2) we provide an empirical test of the propose theory using data from the 2004 and 2014 European Social Survey. Explication of political reaction as a driver of political preferences can move forward research on challenges to democratic representation, particularly political disengagement, violent protests, and populist and antiestablishment party vote in the context of the financial crisis.

Reactionary Politics: Explaining the Psychological Roots of Anti Preferences in European Integration and Immigration Debates