The Human Metabolism of Nuts Proanthocyanidins does not Reveal Urinary Metabolites Consistent with Distinctive Gut Microbiota Metabotypes

The stratification of individuals according to their gut microbiota metabotypes is crucial to understand the polyphenols health effects as reported for isoflavones and ellagitannins. To date, the existence of human gut microbiota metabotypes associated with proanthocyanidins (PAs) catabolism remains unclear.Sixty-eight healthy volunteers (40 adolescents and 28 adults) consumed a mixture of walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts for 3 days, providing...