Determination of surgical exposure obtained with integrated endoscopic thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in large‐breed cadaveric dogs

To define boundaries of minimally invasive integrated endoscopic hemilaminectomy at 4 sites in the canine thoracolumbar spine.Experimental, randomized cadaveric study.Six cadaver dogs that had been humanely euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study.Hemilaminectomy was performed with an integrated endoscopic system at T11-12, T12-13, L1-2, and L2-3, 1 at each site, on the left or right side of each dog. Each site was randomly assigned either...