Effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of X65 high-frequency welded pipeline

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of X65 high-frequency welded (HFW) pipelines was investigated both in a hydrogen environment and in air. The hydrogen environment was created by in situ hydrogen charging, using a simulated soil solution as the electrolyte. Four current densities were used, namely 1, 2, 4, and 8 mA/cm2. The fracture toughness was characterized by the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). The CTOD values of the...