The Role of TNF-α induced MSCs on Suppressive Inflammation by Increasing TGF-β and IL-10

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may serve as immunoregulators by producing various anti-inflammatory molecules. Under sufficient level of TNF-α, MSCs become activated and adopt immune-suppressive phenotype (MSCs type-2) by releasing various anti-inflammatory molecule including TGF-β and IL-10. However, the ability of MSC itself to produce IL-10 under TNF-α stimulation and the correlation of TGF-β production of MSCs to IL-10 level remains to be...