Pulmonary valve stenosis in the adult patient: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management

### Learning objectives The most common form of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction is pulmonary valve stenosis. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) occurs in isolation in 8%–10% of congenital heart disease but is often associated with other congenital lesions1 Subvalvar and supravalvar PS are less common but also seen in adults. PS and supravalvar PS are most often congenital and can be associated with genetic syndromes including Noonan,...