Statistics

Statistical model

Software engineering

Mathematical analysis

Electronic engineering

Simulation

Engineering

Reference model

Artificial intelligence

Telecommunications

Probability density function

Wideband

Stochastic process

Channel (broadcasting)

Stochastic modelling

MIMO

Mathematics

Spectral density

Superposition principle

Computer science

Algorithm

Deterministic simulation

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

In this paper, we propose a 3-D geometry-based stochastic model for multi-input multioutput wideband nonstationary channels between the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the ground user. The proposed model uses a single concentric-cylinders model, where the signal is a superposition of a line-of-sight component and single-bounced rays. In order to describe the nonstationarity of the channel, time-varying angels have been properly derived and added in the proposed model. At the same time, based on the reference model, we derive the expressions of the channel statistical properties of the space-time-frequency correlation function and space-Doppler power spectral density. In addition, corresponding deterministic and stochastic simulation models are developed based on the reference model. Moreover, we investigate the influence of some important UAV-related parameters on channel statistical properties as well as the channel nonstationarity. Some interesting observations and conclusions are obtained, which are helpful for the design of UAV communication systems. Finally, the great agreement between simulation models and the reference model demonstrates not only the utility of simulation models but also the correctness of the theoretical derivations and simulations.

A 3-D Geometry-Based Stochastic Model for UAV-MIMO Wideband Nonstationary Channels