“Ride the Green Light”: Indocyanine Green–marked Off-clamp Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Totally Endophytic Renal Masses

Complexity of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) mostly depends on tumor size and location. Totally endophytic renal masses represent a surgical challenge in terms of both intraoperative identification and anatomical dissection. To detail a novel technique for marking preoperatively endophytic renal tumors with transarterial superselective intrarenal mass delivery of indocyanine green (ICG)-lipiodol mixture, in order to enhance surgical...