Sulfur Mustard-related Ocular Complications: A Review of Proteomic Alterations and Pathways Involved

Sulphur mustard (SM; (2, 2'-dichloroethylsulfide)) was used for the first time in 1917, during the World War I. SM mainly induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This compound injures the respiratory system, eyes, skin and the endocrine, gastrointestinal, and hematopoietic systems. However, due to the high lipophilicity of the SM and the lipophilic nature of the tear film, and also due to the direct contact of the eyes with the...