Internal medicine

Pediatrics

Intervention (counseling)

Population

Family medicine

Biology

Operating system

Obstetrics

Nursing

Randomized controlled trial

Breastfeeding

Family planning

Pregnancy

Computer science

Short Message Service

Research methodology

Genetics

Medicine

Environmental health

BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective To assess the effect of short message service ( SMS ) communication on facility delivery, exclusive breastfeeding ( EBF ), and contraceptive use. Design Mobile WACh was a three‐arm unblinded individually randomised controlled trial. Setting A public sector maternal child health ( MCH ) clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Population Three hundred women attending antenatal care were randomised, 100 to each arm, and followed for 24 weeks postpartum. Pregnant women, at least 14 years old with access to a mobile phone and able to read SMS were eligible for participation. Methods Women were randomised (1:1:1) to receive one‐way SMS versus two‐way SMS with a nurse versus control. Weekly SMS content was tailored for maternal characteristics and pregnancy or postpartum timing. Main outcome measures Facility delivery, EBF , and contraceptive use were compared separately between each intervention arm and the control arm by Kaplan–Meier analysis and chi‐square tests using intent‐to‐treat analyses. Results The overall facility delivery rate was high (98%) and did not differ by arm. Compared with controls, probability of EBF was higher in the one‐way SMS arm at 10 and 16 weeks, and in the two‐way SMS arm at 10, 16, and 24 weeks ( P &lt; 0.005 for all). Contraceptive use was significantly higher in both intervention arms by 16 weeks (one‐way SMS : 72% and two‐way SMS : 73%; P = 0.03 and P = 0.02 versus 57% control, respectively); however, this difference was not significant when correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusion One‐way and two‐way SMS improved EBF practices and early contraceptive use. Two‐way SMS had an added benefit on sustained EBF , providing evidence that SMS messaging influences uptake of interventions that improve maternal and neonatal health. Source of funding Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health (K12 HD 001264 to JAU, R01 HD 080460, K24 HD 054314 to GJS, and K01 AI 116298 to ALD), the National Science Foundation (Graduate Research Fellowship to TP and BD), as well as the University of Washington Global Center for Integrated Health of Women Adolescents and Children (Global WAC h). Tweetable abstract The Mobile WAC h RCT demonstrates that SMS improved practice of exclusive breastfeeding and early postpartum contraception.

Short message service communication improves exclusive breastfeeding and early postpartum contraception in a low‐ to middle‐income country setting: a randomised trial