Thermal vibration of FGM beams with general boundary conditions using a higher-order shear deformation theory

Thermo-elastic vibration of FGM beams with general boundary conditions is studied using a higher-order shear deformation beam theory (HSDBT). The HSDBT is proposed by introducing a new transverse shear stress function through the beam thickness. The material properties of the FGM beam are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and change gradually in the thickness direction. Three cases of temperature distribution in the form of uniformity,...