Properties of CuAg/(BiNaSr)TiO3 multilayer ceramic actuator

The purpose of this study is fabricate a multilayer device consisting of a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic (Bi 0.37 Na 0.37 Sr 0.26 )TiO 3 null (BNST) and a base/noble (CuAg) metal mixture inner electrode, of which fabrication process was performed in air. During the fabrication process in air, a special treatment was proposed in which Cu is transformed into CuO due to direct contact with oxygen. The CuO is then reverse–converted to Cu by...